Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are transmitted to humans and animals by vectors like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. These diseases are a significant global health concern, with a wide range of symptoms and severity, from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Common vector-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, Lyme disease, and West Nile virus. Research in this area focuses on understanding the biology of the vectors, the spread of these diseases, and developing effective prevention and control strategies to reduce the burden of vector-borne illnesses on human populations.